diff --git a/charon/cmd/cmd_index.py b/charon/cmd/cmd_index.py
index e5dd11a5..7d4c07a6 100644
--- a/charon/cmd/cmd_index.py
+++ b/charon/cmd/cmd_index.py
@@ -42,6 +42,13 @@
     """,
     required=True
 )
+@option(
+    "--recursive",
+    "-r",
+    help="If do indexing recursively under $path",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False
+)
 @option(
     "--config",
     "-c",
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@
 def index(
     path: str,
     target: str,
+    recursive: bool = False,
     config: str = None,
     debug: bool = False,
     quiet: bool = False,
@@ -120,7 +128,15 @@ def index(
             if not aws_bucket:
                 logger.error("No bucket specified for target %s!", target)
             else:
-                re_index(b, path, package_type, aws_profile, dryrun)
+                args = {
+                    "target": b,
+                    "path": path,
+                    "package_type": package_type,
+                    "aws_profile": aws_profile,
+                    "recursive": recursive,
+                    "dry_run": dryrun
+                }
+                re_index(**args)  # type: ignore
 
     except Exception:
         print(traceback.format_exc())
diff --git a/charon/pkgs/checksum_http.py b/charon/pkgs/checksum_http.py
index e57dab34..e30a373e 100644
--- a/charon/pkgs/checksum_http.py
+++ b/charon/pkgs/checksum_http.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
 """
-from charon.utils.files import digest, HashType
+from charon.utils.files import digest, HashType, overwrite_file
 from charon.storage import S3Client
 from typing import Tuple, List, Dict, Optional
 from html.parser import HTMLParser
@@ -169,9 +169,10 @@ def _check_and_remove_file(file_name: str):
     def _write_one_col_file(items: List[str], file_name: str):
         if items and len(items) > 0:
             _check_and_remove_file(file_name)
-            with open(file_name, "w") as f:
-                for i in items:
-                    f.write(i + "\n")
+            content = ""
+            for i in items:
+                content = content + i + "\n"
+            overwrite_file(file_name, content)
             logger.info("The report file %s is generated.", file_name)
 
     _write_one_col_file(content[0], os.path.join(work_dir, "mismatched_files.csv"))
@@ -180,10 +181,9 @@ def _write_one_col_file(items: List[str], file_name: str):
     if content[2] and len(content[2]) > 0:
         error_file = os.path.join(work_dir, "error_files.csv")
         _check_and_remove_file(error_file)
-        with open(error_file, "w") as f:
-            f.write("path,error\n")
-            for d in content[2]:
-                f.write("{path},{error}\n".format(path=d["path"], error=d["error"]))
+        f_content_lines: List[str] = []
+        f_content = "path,error\n" + "\n".join(f_content_lines)
+        overwrite_file(error_file, f_content)
         logger.info("The report file %s is generated.", error_file)
 
 
diff --git a/charon/pkgs/indexing.py b/charon/pkgs/indexing.py
index 4710cdab..6794a478 100644
--- a/charon/pkgs/indexing.py
+++ b/charon/pkgs/indexing.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 # from charon.pkgs.pkg_utils import invalidate_cf_paths
 from charon.constants import (INDEX_HTML_TEMPLATE, NPM_INDEX_HTML_TEMPLATE,
                               PACKAGE_TYPE_MAVEN, PACKAGE_TYPE_NPM, PROD_INFO_SUFFIX)
-from charon.utils.files import digest_content
+from charon.utils.files import digest_content, overwrite_file
 from jinja2 import Template
 import os
 import logging
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ def __to_html(package_type: str, contents: List[str], folder: str, top_level: st
     if folder == "/":
         html_path = os.path.join(top_level, "index.html")
     os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(html_path), exist_ok=True)
-    with open(html_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as html:
-        html.write(html_content)
+    overwrite_file(html_path, html_content)
     return html_path
 
 
@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@ def re_index(
     path: str,
     package_type: str,
     aws_profile: str = None,
-    # cf_enable: bool = False,
+    recursive: bool = False,
     dry_run: bool = False
 ):
     """Refresh the index.html for the specified folder in the bucket.
@@ -307,6 +306,7 @@ def re_index(
         logger.debug("The re-indexed page content: %s", index_content)
         if not dry_run:
             index_path = os.path.join(path, "index.html")
+            logger.info("Start re-indexing %s in bucket %s", index_path, bucket_name)
             if path == "/":
                 index_path = "index.html"
             s3_client.simple_delete_file(index_path, (bucket_name, real_prefix))
@@ -314,10 +314,23 @@ def re_index(
                 index_path, index_content, (bucket_name, real_prefix),
                 "text/html", digest_content(index_content)
             )
-            # We will not invalidate index.html per cost consideration
-            # if cf_enable:
-            #     cf_client = CFClient(aws_profile=aws_profile)
-            #     invalidate_cf_paths(cf_client, bucket, [index_path])
+            logger.info("%s re-indexing finished", index_path)
+        if recursive:
+            for c in contents:
+                if c.endswith("/"):
+                    sub_path = c.removeprefix(real_prefix).strip()
+                    if sub_path.startswith("/"):
+                        sub_path = sub_path.removeprefix("/")
+                    logger.debug("subpath: %s", sub_path)
+                    args = {
+                        "target": target,
+                        "path": sub_path,
+                        "package_type": package_type,
+                        "aws_profile": aws_profile,
+                        "recursive": recursive,
+                        "dry_run": dry_run
+                    }
+                    re_index(**args)  # type: ignore
     else:
         logger.warning(
             "The path %s does not contain any contents in bucket %s. "
diff --git a/charon/utils/files.py b/charon/utils/files.py
index d811200b..ccad3e23 100644
--- a/charon/utils/files.py
+++ b/charon/utils/files.py
@@ -125,6 +125,5 @@ def write_manifest(paths: List[str], root: str, product_key: str) -> Tuple[str,
     if not os.path.isfile(manifest_path):
         with open(manifest_path, mode="a", encoding="utf-8"):
             pass
-    with open(manifest_path, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write('\n'.join(artifacts))
+    overwrite_file(manifest_path, '\n'.join(artifacts))
     return manifest_name, manifest_path