diff --git a/src/utils/community_utils.py b/src/utils/community_utils.py
index 2c6f8873..7398f605 100644
--- a/src/utils/community_utils.py
+++ b/src/utils/community_utils.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def get_random_communities(
     assert num_clients % num_communities == 0
 
     clients_per_community = num_clients // num_communities
-    indices = np.random.permutation(range(1, num_clients + 1))
+    indices: np.ndarray = np.random.permutation(range(1, num_clients + 1))
 
     support: Dict[int, List[int]] = {}
     for i, c_id in enumerate(indices):
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def get_dset_balanced_communities(
     num_assigned = 0
     communities: Dict[int, List[int]] = {k: [] for k in range(num_communities)}
     while num_assigned < num_clients:
-        communities_random_order = {
+        communities_random_order: Dict[int, int] = {
             k: v for k, v in enumerate(np.random.permutation(range(num_communities)))
         }
         communities_id = sorted(
diff --git a/src/utils/config_utils.py b/src/utils/config_utils.py
index d18107b6..211cda3f 100644
--- a/src/utils/config_utils.py
+++ b/src/utils/config_utils.py
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ def process_config(config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         # experiment_name += "_{}_{}".format(key, item)
         experiment_name += "_{}".format(item)
 
-    experiments_folder = config["dump_dir"]
-    results_path = experiments_folder + experiment_name + f"_seed{config['seed']}"
+    experiments_folder: str = config["dump_dir"]
+    results_path: str = experiments_folder + experiment_name + f"_seed{config['seed']}"
 
     log_path = results_path + "/logs/"
     images_path = results_path + "/images/"
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def get_device_ids(num_users: int, num_client_per_gpu: int, available_gpus: list
     assert num_users <= len(available_gpus) * num_client_per_gpu
     device_ids: Dict[str, List[int]] = {}
 
-    gpu_id = 0
+    gpu_id: int = 0
     for i in range(1, num_users + 1):
         device_ids[f"node_{i}"] = [available_gpus[gpu_id]]
         gpu_id = (gpu_id + 1) % len(available_gpus)  # Alternate GPU assignment
diff --git a/src/utils/data_utils.py b/src/utils/data_utils.py
index 28c3040d..14070590 100644
--- a/src/utils/data_utils.py
+++ b/src/utils/data_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import importlib
-from typing import Any, List, Sequence, Tuple, Optional
+from typing import Any, List, Sequence, Tuple, Optional, Dict
 import numpy as np
 import torch
 import torchvision.transforms as T
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, index: int):
         img = self.transform(img)
         return img, label
 
-    def __len__(self):
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self.dset)
     
 # Custom dataset wrapper to apply corruption
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def get_dataset(dname: str, dpath: str):
         return dataset_class(dpath)
 
 
-def filter_by_class(dataset: Subset[Any], classes: List[str]):
+def filter_by_class(dataset: Subset[Any], classes: List[str]) -> Tuple[Subset[Any], np.ndarray]:
     """
     Filters the dataset by specified classes.
     """
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def random_samples(
     return Subset(dataset, indices), indices
 
 
-def extr_noniid(train_dataset: Any, samples_per_user: int, classes: Sequence[int]):
+def extr_noniid(train_dataset: Any, samples_per_user: int, classes: Sequence[int]) -> Tuple[Subset[Any]]:
     """
     Extracts non-IID data from the training dataset.
     """
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def cifar_extr_noniid(
     n_class: int,
     num_samples: int,
     rate_unbalance: float,
-):
+) -> Tuple[Dict[int, np.ndarray], Dict[int, np.ndarray]]:
     """
     Extracts non-IID data for CIFAR-10 dataset.
     """
diff --git a/src/utils/dropout_utils.py b/src/utils/dropout_utils.py
index fa70db1a..b64e723e 100644
--- a/src/utils/dropout_utils.py
+++ b/src/utils/dropout_utils.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def __init__(self, node_id: int, dropout_dict: dict, rng: random.Random) -> None
             dropout_method_params = dropout_distribution_dict.get("parameters", {})
             dropout_method = dropout_distribution_dict.get("method", "uniform")
             self.rng = rng
-            self.dropped_recently = False
+            self.dropped_recently: bool = False
 
 
             if dropout_method == "uniform":
diff --git a/src/utils/model_utils.py b/src/utils/model_utils.py
index 97c639eb..0fc0f354 100644
--- a/src/utils/model_utils.py
+++ b/src/utils/model_utils.py
@@ -541,14 +541,14 @@ def substract_model_weights(self, model1, model2):
             res[key] = param - model2[key]
         return res
 
-    def get_last_layer_keys(self, model_wts: OrderedDict[str, Tensor]):
+    def get_last_layer_keys(self, model_wts: OrderedDict[str, Tensor]) -> List[str]:
         # Assume one layer is composed of multiple weights named as "layer_name.weight_name"
 
         reversed_model_wts = reversed(model_wts)
         last_key = next(reversed_model_wts)
         last_layer = last_key.split(".")[0]
 
-        last_layer_keys = []
+        last_layer_keys: List[str] = []
 
         while last_key is not None and last_key.startswith(last_layer + "."):
             last_layer_keys.append(last_key)
@@ -557,16 +557,16 @@ def get_last_layer_keys(self, model_wts: OrderedDict[str, Tensor]):
 
     def filter_model_weights(
         self, model_wts: OrderedDict[str, Tensor], key_to_ignore: List[str]
-    ):
+    ) -> OrderedDict[str, Tensor]:
         # Assume one layer is composed of multiple weights named as "layer_name.weight_name"
 
-        filtered_model_wts = OrderedDict()
+        filtered_model_wts: OrderedDict[str, Tensor] = OrderedDict()
         for key, param in model_wts.items():
             if key not in key_to_ignore:
                 filtered_model_wts[key] = param
         return filtered_model_wts
 
-    def get_memory_usage(self):
+    def get_memory_usage(self) -> int:
         """
         Get the memory usage
         """