diff --git a/config/search.php b/config/search.php
index ee4d6bd98dd..83eb5749529 100644
--- a/config/search.php
+++ b/config/search.php
@@ -79,4 +79,31 @@
         'fields' => ['title'],
     ],
 
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Indexing Queue
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    |
+    | Here you may configure the queue name and connection used when indexing
+    | documents.
+    |
+    */
+
+    'queue' => env('STATAMIC_SEARCH_QUEUE'),
+
+    'queue_connection' => env('STATAMIC_SEARCH_QUEUE_CONNECTION'),
+
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Chunk Size
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    |
+    | Here you can configure the chunk size used when indexing documents.
+    | The higher you make it, the more memory it will use, but the quicker
+    | the indexing process will be.
+    |
+    */
+
+    'chunk_size' => 100,
+
 ];
diff --git a/src/Search/Algolia/Index.php b/src/Search/Algolia/Index.php
index 137f5d3fb71..6eab453935b 100644
--- a/src/Search/Algolia/Index.php
+++ b/src/Search/Algolia/Index.php
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public function search($query)
         return (new Query($this))->query($query);
     }
 
-    protected function insertDocuments(Documents $documents)
+    public function insertDocuments(Documents $documents)
     {
         $documents = $documents->map(function ($item, $id) {
             $item['objectID'] = $id;
diff --git a/src/Search/Comb/Index.php b/src/Search/Comb/Index.php
index 343e552aa5a..d3003d93c65 100644
--- a/src/Search/Comb/Index.php
+++ b/src/Search/Comb/Index.php
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public function delete($document)
         $this->save($data);
     }
 
-    protected function insertDocuments(Documents $documents)
+    public function insertDocuments(Documents $documents)
     {
         try {
             $data = $this->data();
diff --git a/src/Search/Index.php b/src/Search/Index.php
index 78eaaf65de6..8546c112578 100644
--- a/src/Search/Index.php
+++ b/src/Search/Index.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 use Closure;
 use Statamic\Contracts\Search\Searchable;
-use Statamic\Support\Arr;
 use Statamic\Support\Str;
 
 abstract class Index
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ abstract public function delete($document);
 
     abstract public function exists();
 
-    abstract protected function insertDocuments(Documents $documents);
+    abstract public function insertDocuments(Documents $documents);
 
     abstract protected function deleteIndex();
 
@@ -84,20 +83,27 @@ public function ensureExists()
 
     public function insert($document)
     {
-        return $this->insertMultiple(Arr::wrap($document));
+        return $this->insertMultiple(collect($document));
     }
 
     public function insertMultiple($documents)
     {
-        $documents = (new Documents($documents))->mapWithKeys(function (Searchable $item) {
-            return [$item->getSearchReference() => $this->searchables()->fields($item)];
-        });
-
-        $this->insertDocuments($documents);
+        $documents
+            ->chunk(config('statamic.search.chunk_size'))
+            ->each(fn ($documents) => InsertMultipleJob::dispatch(
+                name: Str::beforeLast($this->name, '_'),
+                locale: $this->locale,
+                documents: $documents
+            ));
 
         return $this;
     }
 
+    public function fields(Searchable $searchable)
+    {
+        return $this->searchables()->fields($searchable);
+    }
+
     public function shouldIndex($searchable)
     {
         return $this->searchables()->contains($searchable);
diff --git a/src/Search/InsertMultipleJob.php b/src/Search/InsertMultipleJob.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f723d688745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Search/InsertMultipleJob.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Statamic\Search;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Queue\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection;
+use Statamic\Contracts\Search\Searchable;
+use Statamic\Facades\Search;
+use Statamic\Search\Searchables\Providers;
+use Statamic\Support\Str;
+
+class InsertMultipleJob implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Queueable;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new job instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        public string $name,
+        public ?string $locale,
+        public Collection|LazyCollection $documents,
+    ) {
+        $this->onConnection($connection = config('statamic.search.queue_connection', config('queue.default')));
+        $this->onQueue(config('statamic.search.queue', config("queue.connections.{$connection}.queue")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the job.
+     */
+    public function handle(): void
+    {
+        $providers = app(Providers::class);
+        $index = Search::index($this->name, $this->locale);
+
+        $documents = $this->documents
+            ->groupBy(fn ($document) => explode('::', $document)[0])
+            ->flatMap(function ($documents, $prefix) use ($providers) {
+                return $providers
+                    ->getByPrefix($prefix)
+                    ->find($documents->map(fn ($reference) => Str::after($reference, '::'))->all())
+                    ->all();
+            })
+            ->mapWithKeys(function (Searchable $item) use ($index) {
+                return [$item->getSearchReference() => $index->fields($item)];
+            });
+
+        $index->insertDocuments(new Documents($documents));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Search/Null/NullIndex.php b/src/Search/Null/NullIndex.php
index 52ca4a39c64..10ebc808ade 100644
--- a/src/Search/Null/NullIndex.php
+++ b/src/Search/Null/NullIndex.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public function exists()
         return true;
     }
 
-    protected function insertDocuments(Documents $documents)
+    public function insertDocuments(Documents $documents)
     {
         //
     }
diff --git a/src/Search/Search.php b/src/Search/Search.php
index 890bc331728..ddaeeaa40fc 100644
--- a/src/Search/Search.php
+++ b/src/Search/Search.php
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public function updateWithinIndexes(Searchable $searchable)
             $exists = $index->exists();
 
             if ($shouldIndex && $exists) {
-                $index->insert($searchable);
+                $index->insert($searchable->getSearchReference());
             } elseif ($shouldIndex && ! $exists) {
                 $index->update();
             } elseif ($exists) {
diff --git a/src/Search/Searchables/Assets.php b/src/Search/Searchables/Assets.php
index bc70922cace..a4848314db9 100644
--- a/src/Search/Searchables/Assets.php
+++ b/src/Search/Searchables/Assets.php
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ public function provide(): Collection
             : AssetCollection::make($this->keys)
                 ->flatMap(fn ($key) => Asset::whereContainer($key));
 
-        return $assets->filter($this->filter())->values();
+        // TODO: query scope support?
+
+        return $assets->filter($this->filter())->values()->map->reference();
     }
 
     public function contains($searchable): bool
diff --git a/src/Search/Searchables/Entries.php b/src/Search/Searchables/Entries.php
index 5556340b8d3..f9a1a808051 100644
--- a/src/Search/Searchables/Entries.php
+++ b/src/Search/Searchables/Entries.php
@@ -31,7 +31,19 @@ public function provide(): Collection|LazyCollection
             $query->where('site', $site);
         }
 
-        return $query->lazy(100)->filter($this->filter())->values();
+        $this->applyQueryScope($query);
+
+        if ($this->hasFilter()) {
+            return $query
+                ->lazy(config('statamic.search.chunk_size'))
+                ->filter($this->filter())
+                ->values()
+                ->map->reference();
+        }
+
+        $query->where('status', 'published');
+
+        return $query->pluck('reference');
     }
 
     public function contains($searchable): bool
@@ -48,7 +60,17 @@ public function contains($searchable): bool
             return false;
         }
 
-        return $this->filter()($searchable);
+        if ($this->hasFilter()) {
+            return $this->filter()($searchable);
+        }
+
+        $query = Entry::query()
+            ->where('status', 'published')
+            ->where('id', $searchable->id());
+
+        $this->applyQueryScope($query);
+
+        return $query->exists();
     }
 
     public function find(array $ids): Collection
diff --git a/src/Search/Searchables/Provider.php b/src/Search/Searchables/Provider.php
index c1036ee9597..93252c2c346 100644
--- a/src/Search/Searchables/Provider.php
+++ b/src/Search/Searchables/Provider.php
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace Statamic\Search\Searchables;
 
+use Statamic\Facades\Scope;
 use Statamic\Facades\Search;
 use Statamic\Search\Index;
 use Statamic\Search\ProvidesSearchables;
+use Statamic\Support\Arr;
 
 abstract class Provider implements ProvidesSearchables
 {
@@ -55,6 +57,20 @@ protected function usesWildcard()
         return in_array('*', $this->keys);
     }
 
+    protected function applyQueryScope($query)
+    {
+        if (! $scope = $this->index->config()['query_scope'] ?? null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Scope::find($scope)->apply($query, []);
+    }
+
+    protected function hasFilter()
+    {
+        return Arr::has($this->index->config(), 'filter');
+    }
+
     protected function filter()
     {
         $filter = $this->index->config()['filter'] ?? null;
diff --git a/src/Search/Searchables/Terms.php b/src/Search/Searchables/Terms.php
index d7d54337a98..601a0ba65bd 100644
--- a/src/Search/Searchables/Terms.php
+++ b/src/Search/Searchables/Terms.php
@@ -32,7 +32,17 @@ public function provide(): Collection|LazyCollection
             $query->where('site', $site);
         }
 
-        return $query->lazy(100)->filter($this->filter())->values();
+        $this->applyQueryScope($query);
+
+        if ($this->hasFilter()) {
+            return $query
+                ->lazy(config('statamic.search.chunk_size'))
+                ->filter($this->filter())
+                ->values()
+                ->map->reference();
+        }
+
+        return $query->pluck('reference');
     }
 
     public function contains($searchable): bool
@@ -49,7 +59,15 @@ public function contains($searchable): bool
             return false;
         }
 
-        return $this->filter()($searchable);
+        if ($this->hasFilter()) {
+            return $this->filter()($searchable);
+        }
+
+        $query = Term::query()->where('reference', $searchable->reference());
+
+        $this->applyQueryScope($query);
+
+        return $query->exists();
     }
 
     public function find(array $refs): Collection
diff --git a/src/Search/Searchables/Users.php b/src/Search/Searchables/Users.php
index 31cd91052d9..e14cf1659b4 100644
--- a/src/Search/Searchables/Users.php
+++ b/src/Search/Searchables/Users.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Statamic\Search\Searchables;
 
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection;
 use Statamic\Contracts\Auth\User as UserContract;
 use Statamic\Facades\User;
 
@@ -18,9 +19,21 @@ public static function referencePrefix(): string
         return 'user';
     }
 
-    public function provide(): Collection
+    public function provide(): Collection|LazyCollection
     {
-        return User::all()->filter($this->filter())->values();
+        $query = User::query();
+
+        $this->applyQueryScope($query);
+
+        if ($this->hasFilter()) {
+            return $query
+                ->lazy(config('statamic.search.chunk_size'))
+                ->filter($this->filter())
+                ->values()
+                ->map->reference();
+        }
+
+        return $query->pluck('reference');
     }
 
     public function contains($searchable): bool
@@ -29,7 +42,15 @@ public function contains($searchable): bool
             return false;
         }
 
-        return $this->filter()($searchable);
+        if ($this->hasFilter()) {
+            return $this->filter()($searchable);
+        }
+
+        $query = User::query()->where('id', $searchable->id());
+
+        $this->applyQueryScope($query);
+
+        return $query->exists();
     }
 
     public function find(array $ids): Collection
diff --git a/tests/Search/SearchTest.php b/tests/Search/SearchTest.php
index 91ec395514a..fb796c2d206 100644
--- a/tests/Search/SearchTest.php
+++ b/tests/Search/SearchTest.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ public function it_updates_indexes($updateMock)
     {
         $index = Mockery::mock(Index::class);
         $item = Mockery::mock(Searchable::class);
+        $item->shouldReceive('getSearchReference')->andReturn('a');
 
         $updateMock($index, $item);
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public static function saveProvider()
                 function ($mock, $entry) {
                     $mock->shouldReceive('shouldIndex')->with($entry)->andReturnTrue();
                     $mock->shouldReceive('exists')->andReturnTrue();
-                    $mock->shouldReceive('insert')->once()->with($entry);
+                    $mock->shouldReceive('insert')->once()->with($entry->getSearchReference());
                 },
             ],
 
diff --git a/tests/Search/Searchables/AssetsTest.php b/tests/Search/Searchables/AssetsTest.php
index da1902bab7d..e8da1350c60 100644
--- a/tests/Search/Searchables/AssetsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Search/Searchables/AssetsTest.php
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ public function it_gets_assets($locale, $config, $expected)
         $provider = $this->makeProvider($locale, $config);
 
         // Check if it provides the expected assets.
-        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->map->filename()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->all());
 
         // Check if the assets are contained by the provider or not.
         foreach (Asset::all() as $asset) {
             $this->assertEquals(
-                $shouldBeIn = in_array($asset->filename(), $expected),
+                $shouldBeIn = in_array($asset->reference(), $expected),
                 $provider->contains($asset),
                 "Asset {$asset->filename()} should ".($shouldBeIn ? '' : 'not ').'be contained in the provider.'
             );
@@ -59,64 +59,64 @@ public static function assetsProvider()
             'all' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['a', 'b', 'y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg', 'asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
             'all containers' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:*']],
-                ['a', 'b', 'y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg', 'asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
             'images' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:images']],
-                ['a', 'b'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg'],
             ],
             'documents' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:documents']],
-                ['y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
 
             'all, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['a', 'b', 'y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg', 'asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
             'all containers, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:*']],
-                ['a', 'b', 'y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg', 'asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
             'images, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:images']],
-                ['a', 'b'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg'],
             ],
             'documents, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:documents']],
-                ['y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
 
             'all, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['a', 'b', 'y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg', 'asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
             'all containers, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:*']],
-                ['a', 'b', 'y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg', 'asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
             'images, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:images']],
-                ['a', 'b'],
+                ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::b.jpg'],
             ],
             'documents, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => ['assets:documents']],
-                ['y', 'z'],
+                ['asset::documents::y.txt', 'asset::documents::z.txt'],
             ],
         ];
     }
@@ -142,7 +142,10 @@ public function it_can_use_a_custom_filter($filter)
             'filter' => $filter,
         ]);
 
-        $this->assertEquals(['a', 'c', 'd'], $provider->provide()->map->filename()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['asset::images::a.jpg', 'asset::images::c.jpg', 'asset::images::d.jpg'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
 
         $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a));
         $this->assertFalse($provider->contains($b));
@@ -162,6 +165,8 @@ function ($entry) {
         ];
     }
 
+    // TODO: query scope support?
+
     private function makeProvider($locale, $config)
     {
         $index = $this->makeIndex($locale, $config);
diff --git a/tests/Search/Searchables/EntriesTest.php b/tests/Search/Searchables/EntriesTest.php
index 003bff7c2c1..a79d4a8713b 100644
--- a/tests/Search/Searchables/EntriesTest.php
+++ b/tests/Search/Searchables/EntriesTest.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
 use Statamic\Entries\Entry;
 use Statamic\Facades\Collection;
+use Statamic\Query\Scopes\Scope;
 use Statamic\Search\Searchables\Entries;
 use Tests\PreventSavingStacheItemsToDisk;
 use Tests\TestCase;
@@ -27,26 +28,26 @@ public function it_gets_entries($locale, $config, $expected)
         Collection::make('blog')->sites(['en', 'fr'])->save();
         Collection::make('pages')->sites(['en'])->save();
 
-        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('alfa')->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('bravo')->published(false)->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('charlie')->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('delta')->locale('fr')->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('echo')->locale('fr')->published(false)->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('foxtrot')->locale('fr')->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('alfa')->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('bravo')->published(false)->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('charlie')->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('delta')->locale('fr')->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('echo')->locale('fr')->published(false)->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('foxtrot')->locale('fr')->create();
 
-        EntryFactory::collection('pages')->slug('xray')->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('pages')->slug('yankee')->published(false)->create();
-        EntryFactory::collection('pages')->slug('zulu')->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('pages')->id('xray')->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('pages')->id('yankee')->published(false)->create();
+        EntryFactory::collection('pages')->id('zulu')->create();
 
         $provider = $this->makeProvider($locale, $config);
 
         // Check if it provides the expected entries.
-        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->map->slug()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->all());
 
         // Check if the entries are contained by the provider or not.
         foreach (Entry::all() as $entry) {
             $this->assertEquals(
-                $shouldBeIn = in_array($entry->slug(), $expected),
+                $shouldBeIn = in_array($entry->reference(), $expected),
                 $provider->contains($entry),
                 "Entry {$entry->slug()} should ".($shouldBeIn ? '' : 'not ').'be contained in the provider.'
             );
@@ -59,59 +60,59 @@ public static function entriesProvider()
             'all' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['alfa', 'charlie', 'delta', 'foxtrot', 'xray', 'zulu'],
+                ['entry::alfa', 'entry::charlie', 'entry::delta', 'entry::foxtrot', 'entry::xray', 'entry::zulu'],
             ],
             'all collections' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:*']],
-                ['alfa', 'charlie', 'delta', 'foxtrot', 'xray', 'zulu'],
+                ['entry::alfa', 'entry::charlie', 'entry::delta', 'entry::foxtrot', 'entry::xray', 'entry::zulu'],
             ],
             'blog' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:blog']],
-                ['alfa', 'charlie', 'delta', 'foxtrot'],
+                ['entry::alfa', 'entry::charlie', 'entry::delta', 'entry::foxtrot'],
             ],
             'pages' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:pages']],
-                ['xray', 'zulu'],
+                ['entry::xray', 'entry::zulu'],
             ],
 
             'all, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['alfa', 'charlie', 'xray', 'zulu'],
+                ['entry::alfa', 'entry::charlie', 'entry::xray', 'entry::zulu'],
             ],
             'all collections, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:*']],
-                ['alfa', 'charlie', 'xray', 'zulu'],
+                ['entry::alfa', 'entry::charlie', 'entry::xray', 'entry::zulu'],
             ],
             'blog, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:blog']],
-                ['alfa', 'charlie'],
+                ['entry::alfa', 'entry::charlie'],
             ],
             'pages, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:pages']],
-                ['xray', 'zulu'],
+                ['entry::xray', 'entry::zulu'],
             ],
 
             'all, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['delta', 'foxtrot'],
+                ['entry::delta', 'entry::foxtrot'],
             ],
             'all collections, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:*']],
-                ['delta', 'foxtrot'],
+                ['entry::delta', 'entry::foxtrot'],
             ],
             'blog, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => ['collection:blog']],
-                ['delta', 'foxtrot'],
+                ['entry::delta', 'entry::foxtrot'],
             ],
             'pages, french' => [
                 'fr',
@@ -126,18 +127,21 @@ public static function entriesProvider()
     public function it_can_use_a_custom_filter($filter)
     {
         Collection::make('blog')->save();
-        $a = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('a')->create();
-        $b = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('b')->published(false)->create();
-        $c = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('c')->data(['is_searchable' => false])->create();
-        $d = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('d')->data(['is_searchable' => true])->create();
-        $e = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->slug('e')->create();
+        $a = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('a')->create();
+        $b = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('b')->published(false)->create();
+        $c = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('c')->data(['is_searchable' => false])->create();
+        $d = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('d')->data(['is_searchable' => true])->create();
+        $e = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('e')->create();
 
         $provider = $this->makeProvider(null, [
             'searchables' => 'all',
             'filter' => $filter,
         ]);
 
-        $this->assertEquals(['a', 'b', 'd', 'e'], $provider->provide()->map->slug()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['entry::a', 'entry::b', 'entry::d', 'entry::e'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
 
         $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a));
         $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($b));
@@ -158,6 +162,35 @@ function ($entry) {
         ];
     }
 
+    #[Test]
+    public function it_can_use_a_query_scope()
+    {
+        CustomEntriesScope::register();
+
+        Collection::make('blog')->save();
+        $a = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('a')->create();
+        $b = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('b')->create();
+        $c = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('c')->data(['is_searchable' => false])->create();
+        $d = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('d')->data(['is_searchable' => true])->create();
+        $e = EntryFactory::collection('blog')->id('e')->create();
+
+        $provider = $this->makeProvider(null, [
+            'searchables' => 'all',
+            'query_scope' => 'custom_entries_scope',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['entry::a', 'entry::b', 'entry::d', 'entry::e'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($b));
+        $this->assertFalse($provider->contains($c));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($d));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($e));
+    }
+
     private function makeProvider($locale, $config)
     {
         $index = $this->makeIndex($locale, $config);
@@ -194,3 +227,11 @@ public function handle($item)
         return $item->get('is_searchable') !== false;
     }
 }
+
+class CustomEntriesScope extends Scope
+{
+    public function apply($query, $params)
+    {
+        $query->where('is_searchable', '!=', false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Search/Searchables/TermsTest.php b/tests/Search/Searchables/TermsTest.php
index 23b63cde015..05d94c58759 100644
--- a/tests/Search/Searchables/TermsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Search/Searchables/TermsTest.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
 use Statamic\Facades\Taxonomy;
 use Statamic\Facades\Term;
+use Statamic\Query\Scopes\Scope;
 use Statamic\Search\Searchables\Terms;
 use Tests\PreventSavingStacheItemsToDisk;
 use Tests\TestCase;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public function it_gets_terms($locale, $config, $expected)
         $provider = $this->makeProvider($locale, $config);
 
         // Check if it provides the expected entries.
-        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->map->reference()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->all());
 
         // Check if the entries are contained by the provider or not.
         foreach (Term::all() as $term) {
@@ -204,7 +205,10 @@ public function it_can_use_a_custom_filter($filter)
             'filter' => $filter,
         ]);
 
-        $this->assertEquals(['a', 'c', 'd'], $provider->provide()->map->slug()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['term::tags::a::en', 'term::tags::c::en', 'term::tags::d::en'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
 
         $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a->in('en')));
         $this->assertFalse($provider->contains($b->in('en')));
@@ -224,6 +228,33 @@ function ($entry) {
         ];
     }
 
+    #[Test]
+    public function it_can_use_a_query_scope()
+    {
+        CustomTermsScope::register();
+
+        Taxonomy::make('tags')->sites(['en'])->save();
+        $a = tap(Term::make('a')->taxonomy('tags')->dataForLocale('en', []))->save();
+        $b = tap(Term::make('b')->taxonomy('tags')->dataForLocale('en', ['is_searchable' => false]))->save();
+        $c = tap(Term::make('c')->taxonomy('tags')->dataForLocale('en', ['is_searchable' => true]))->save();
+        $d = tap(Term::make('d')->taxonomy('tags')->dataForLocale('en', []))->save();
+
+        $provider = $this->makeProvider(null, [
+            'searchables' => 'all',
+            'query_scope' => 'custom_terms_scope',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['term::tags::a::en', 'term::tags::c::en', 'term::tags::d::en'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a->in('en')));
+        $this->assertFalse($provider->contains($b->in('en')));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($c->in('en')));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($d->in('en')));
+    }
+
     private function makeProvider($locale, $config)
     {
         $index = $this->makeIndex($locale, $config);
@@ -260,3 +291,11 @@ public function handle($item)
         return $item->get('is_searchable') !== false;
     }
 }
+
+class CustomTermsScope extends Scope
+{
+    public function apply($query, $params)
+    {
+        $query->where('is_searchable', '!=', false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Search/Searchables/UsersTest.php b/tests/Search/Searchables/UsersTest.php
index 975cedbb183..a44fecae972 100644
--- a/tests/Search/Searchables/UsersTest.php
+++ b/tests/Search/Searchables/UsersTest.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
 use Statamic\Facades\User;
+use Statamic\Query\Scopes\Scope;
 use Statamic\Search\Searchables\Users;
 use Tests\PreventSavingStacheItemsToDisk;
 use Tests\TestCase;
@@ -22,18 +23,18 @@ public function it_gets_users($locale, $config, $expected)
             'fr' => ['url' => '/fr/', 'locale' => 'fr'],
         ]);
 
-        User::make()->email('alfa@test.com')->save();
-        User::make()->email('bravo@test.com')->save();
+        User::make()->id('alfa')->email('alfa@test.com')->save();
+        User::make()->id('bravo')->email('bravo@test.com')->save();
 
         $provider = $this->makeProvider($locale, $config);
 
         // Check if it provides the expected users.
-        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->map->email()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $provider->provide()->all());
 
         // Check if the users are contained by the provider or not.
         foreach (User::all() as $user) {
             $this->assertEquals(
-                $shouldBeIn = in_array($user->email(), $expected),
+                $shouldBeIn = in_array($user->reference(), $expected),
                 $provider->contains($user),
                 "User {$user->email()} should ".($shouldBeIn ? '' : 'not ').'be contained in the provider.'
             );
@@ -46,34 +47,34 @@ public static function usersProvider()
             'all' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['alfa@test.com', 'bravo@test.com'],
+                ['user::alfa', 'user::bravo'],
             ],
             'all users' => [
                 null,
                 ['searchables' => ['users']],
-                ['alfa@test.com', 'bravo@test.com'],
+                ['user::alfa', 'user::bravo'],
             ],
 
             'all, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['alfa@test.com', 'bravo@test.com'],
+                ['user::alfa', 'user::bravo'],
             ],
             'all users, english' => [
                 'en',
                 ['searchables' => ['users']],
-                ['alfa@test.com', 'bravo@test.com'],
+                ['user::alfa', 'user::bravo'],
             ],
 
             'all, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => 'all'],
-                ['alfa@test.com', 'bravo@test.com'],
+                ['user::alfa', 'user::bravo'],
             ],
             'all users, french' => [
                 'fr',
                 ['searchables' => ['users']],
-                ['alfa@test.com', 'bravo@test.com'],
+                ['user::alfa', 'user::bravo'],
             ],
         ];
     }
@@ -82,17 +83,20 @@ public static function usersProvider()
     #[DataProvider('indexFilterProvider')]
     public function it_can_use_a_custom_filter($filter)
     {
-        $a = tap(User::make()->email('a@test.com'))->save();
-        $b = tap(User::make()->email('b@test.com')->set('is_searchable', false))->save();
-        $c = tap(User::make()->email('c@test.com')->set('is_searchable', true))->save();
-        $d = tap(User::make()->email('d@test.com'))->save();
+        $a = tap(User::make()->id('a')->email('a@test.com'))->save();
+        $b = tap(User::make()->id('b')->email('b@test.com')->set('is_searchable', false))->save();
+        $c = tap(User::make()->id('c')->email('c@test.com')->set('is_searchable', true))->save();
+        $d = tap(User::make()->id('d')->email('d@test.com'))->save();
 
         $provider = $this->makeProvider(null, [
             'searchables' => 'all',
             'filter' => $filter,
         ]);
 
-        $this->assertEquals(['a@test.com', 'c@test.com', 'd@test.com'], $provider->provide()->map->email()->all());
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['user::a', 'user::c', 'user::d'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
 
         $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a));
         $this->assertFalse($provider->contains($b));
@@ -112,6 +116,32 @@ function ($entry) {
         ];
     }
 
+    #[Test]
+    public function it_can_use_a_query_scope()
+    {
+        CustomUsersScope::register();
+
+        $a = tap(User::make()->id('a')->email('a@test.com'))->save();
+        $b = tap(User::make()->id('b')->email('b@test.com')->set('is_searchable', false))->save();
+        $c = tap(User::make()->id('c')->email('c@test.com')->set('is_searchable', true))->save();
+        $d = tap(User::make()->id('d')->email('d@test.com'))->save();
+
+        $provider = $this->makeProvider(null, [
+            'searchables' => 'all',
+            'query_scope' => 'custom_users_scope',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            ['user::a', 'user::c', 'user::d'],
+            $provider->provide()->all()
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($a));
+        $this->assertFalse($provider->contains($b));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($c));
+        $this->assertTrue($provider->contains($d));
+    }
+
     private function makeProvider($locale, $config)
     {
         $index = $this->makeIndex($locale, $config);
@@ -148,3 +178,11 @@ public function handle($item)
         return $item->get('is_searchable') !== false;
     }
 }
+
+class CustomUsersScope extends Scope
+{
+    public function apply($query, $params)
+    {
+        $query->where('is_searchable', '!=', false);
+    }
+}