diff --git a/src/orcapod/databases/__init__.py b/src/orcapod/databases/__init__.py
index f47c734..e04f888 100644
--- a/src/orcapod/databases/__init__.py
+++ b/src/orcapod/databases/__init__.py
@@ -1,16 +1,4 @@
-# from .legacy.types import DataStore, ArrowDataStore
-# from .legacy.legacy_arrow_data_stores import MockArrowDataStore, SimpleParquetDataStore
-# from .legacy.dict_data_stores import DirDataStore, NoOpDataStore
-# from .legacy.safe_dir_data_store import SafeDirDataStore
-
-# __all__ = [
-#     "DataStore",
-#     "ArrowDataStore",
-#     "DirDataStore",
-#     "SafeDirDataStore",
-#     "NoOpDataStore",
-#     "MockArrowDataStore",
-#     "SimpleParquetDataStore",
-# ]
-
+from .no_op_database import NoOpDatabase
 from .delta_lake_databases import DeltaTableDatabase
+
+__all__ = ["NoOpDatabase", "DeltaTableDatabase"]
diff --git a/src/orcapod/databases/no_op_database.py b/src/orcapod/databases/no_op_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4ca9b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/orcapod/databases/no_op_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Collection, Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+
+
+from orcapod.utils.lazy_module import LazyModule
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import polars as pl
+    import pyarrow as pa
+else:
+    pa = LazyModule("pyarrow")
+    pl = LazyModule("polars")
+
+# Module-level logger
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class NoOpDatabase:
+    def add_record(
+        self,
+        record_path: tuple[str, ...],
+        record_id: str,
+        record: "pa.Table",
+        skip_duplicates: bool = False,
+        flush: bool = False,
+        schema_handling: Literal["merge", "error", "coerce"] = "error",
+    ) -> None:
+        return
+
+    def add_records(
+        self,
+        record_path: tuple[str, ...],
+        records: pa.Table,
+        record_id_column: str | None = None,
+        skip_duplicates: bool = False,
+        flush: bool = False,
+        schema_handling: Literal["merge", "error", "coerce"] = "error",
+    ) -> None:
+        return
+
+    def get_all_records(
+        self,
+        record_path: tuple[str, ...],
+        record_id_column: str | None = None,
+        retrieve_pending: bool = True,
+    ) -> pa.Table | None:
+        return None
+
+    def get_records_with_column_value(
+        self,
+        record_path: tuple[str, ...],
+        column_values: Collection[tuple[str, Any]] | Mapping[str, Any],
+        record_id_column: str | None = None,
+        flush: bool = False,
+    ) -> "pa.Table | None":
+        return None
+
+    def get_record_by_id(
+        self,
+        record_path: tuple[str, ...],
+        record_id: str,
+        record_id_column: str | None = None,
+        flush: bool = False,
+    ) -> "pa.Table | None":
+        return None
+
+    def get_records_by_ids(
+        self,
+        record_path: tuple[str, ...],
+        record_ids: "Collection[str] | pl.Series | pa.Array",
+        record_id_column: str | None = None,
+        flush: bool = False,
+    ) -> "pa.Table | None":
+        return None
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        """Flush all pending batches."""
+        return None
+
+    def flush_batch(self, record_path: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+        """
+        Flush pending batch for a specific source path.
+
+        Args:
+            record_path: Tuple of path components
+        """
+        return None
diff --git a/src/orcapod/pipeline/graph.py b/src/orcapod/pipeline/graph.py
index ddb7422..6eee0a2 100644
--- a/src/orcapod/pipeline/graph.py
+++ b/src/orcapod/pipeline/graph.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+import warnings
 from orcapod.core.trackers import GraphTracker, Invocation
 from orcapod.pipeline.nodes import KernelNode, PodNode
 from orcapod.protocols.pipeline_protocols import Node
 from orcapod import contexts
 from orcapod.protocols import core_protocols as cp
 from orcapod.protocols import database_protocols as dbp
+from orcapod.databases import NoOpDatabase
 from typing import Any
 from collections.abc import Collection
 import os
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class Pipeline(GraphTracker):
     def __init__(
         self,
         name: str | tuple[str, ...],
-        pipeline_database: dbp.ArrowDatabase,
+        pipeline_database: dbp.ArrowDatabase | None = None,
         results_database: dbp.ArrowDatabase | None = None,
         tracker_manager: cp.TrackerManager | None = None,
         data_context: str | contexts.DataContext | None = None,
@@ -84,14 +86,18 @@ def __init__(
             name = (name,)
         self.name = name
         self.pipeline_store_path_prefix = self.name
+
+        if pipeline_database is None:
+            pipeline_database = NoOpDatabase()
+            warnings.warn(
+                "No database was specified. Pipeline results will not be saved"
+            )
+
         self.results_store_path_prefix = ()
         if results_database is None:
-            if pipeline_database is None:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Either pipeline_database or results_database must be provided"
-                )
             results_database = pipeline_database
             self.results_store_path_prefix = self.name + ("_results",)
+
         self.pipeline_database = pipeline_database
         self.results_database = results_database
         self.nodes: dict[str, Node] = {}