Introduce Python Wordcount with Rust Wrapped Functions

[jrmccluskey]

Adds an example of using PyO3 to wrap Rust code for use in Python via wordcount, including both local and Dataflow use cases.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

Hello @jrmccluskey, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request adds a significant example to the Apache Beam Python SDK, illustrating how to seamlessly integrate high-performance Rust code into Python data processing pipelines. By wrapping Rust functions with PyO3 and managing the build process with maturin, the example demonstrates a practical approach to leveraging Rust's efficiency for critical operations within a Beam workflow, applicable to both local development and large-scale cloud deployments.

Highlights

• New Example: Rust-backed Wordcount: Introduces a new Apache Beam Python example that demonstrates how to implement a wordcount pipeline using Rust functions for core logic, showcasing Python-Rust interoperability.
• PyO3 Integration: Leverages the PyO3 framework to create Python bindings for Rust code, allowing Python pipelines to call Rust functions for tasks like word extraction and mapping.
• Maturin Build System: Utilizes maturin, a build tool, to manage the compilation of the Rust library and generate the Python package, simplifying the development workflow for mixed-language projects.
• Local and Dataflow Execution: Provides clear instructions and configurations for running the Rust-backed wordcount example both locally with the DirectRunner and on Google Cloud Dataflow, including how to package the Rust extension for distributed execution.

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[github-actions]

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R: @shunping for label python.

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[shunping]

This is cool! Thanks for checking in the first lines of rust code in to the beam repo. 😃